Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry is an advanced laboratory technique used to study cells or particles in detail. In this test, a sample (such as blood, bone marrow, or other body fluids) is passed through a machine where cells flow one by one in a stream of liquid. A laser light shines on the cells, and sensors measure their size, shape, and internal structures, as well as detect specific markers on the cell surface using fluorescent tags.

This technique is very useful for:

• Diagnosing blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma

• Checking immune system health (e.g., CD4 count in HIV patients)

• Identifying abnormal cells in bone marrow or blood

• Research purposes, such as studying cell functions and responses

Doctors recommend flow cytometry when they suspect abnormal blood cell production, immune system disorders, or need to classify cancer cells more precisely.